李正银1,丁永平1,蒋德惠2,范怀刚1,曾清贤1,赵庆尤3

通过多年的技术探索和试验示范,笔者从采穗圃营建、采穗圃管理、穗条采集、蜡封、贮藏及档案记录等方面详细介绍了区域性核桃良种采穗圃营建技术,旨在提高我市核桃采穗圃营建质量和穗条产量,为下一步区域核桃基地品种改良、提质增效工程的优质接穗来源提供技术支撑。     

优秀地域文化融入高校校园文化的逻辑与实践

"立德树人"是高校教育的根本任务。高校校园文化对大学生的成长成才具有重要的影响，优秀地域文化因其鲜明的地域特色融入高校校园文化有利于实现高校"文化育人"的目的。优秀地域文化与校园文化在价值目标上趋同、培养特色的契合以及情感激励上相通等特性标示了两者融合的逻辑基础。然而当前高校对优秀地域文化融入校园文化的价值重视不够、功能认识不足、措施采用不当等限制了地域文化在校园文化育人中价值功能的发挥。优秀地域文化融入高校校园文化可以尝试从提高融入的价值认同、多维度打通融入的渠道、搭建融入的有效机制三方面来实现。     

免耕对土壤微生物量碳影响的Meta分析

为综合分析免耕(NT)对土壤微生物碳含量的影响程度,以常规耕作(CT)为对照,收集国内外关于免耕对土壤微生物碳研究已公开发表的41篇文献的田间试验数据162组,采用Meta数据整合分析方法,定量分析中国不同区域、气候类型和试验年限下,免耕对于中国农田土壤微生物碳含量的影响。结果表明,与常规耕作相比,免耕能显著提高土壤微生物碳的含量,免耕-常规耕作(NT-CT)的加权均数差值(WMD)为49.29 mg·kg^-1;免耕对土壤中微生物碳含量的影响存在区域差异性,西南地区WMD最大,湿润区(年降雨量>800 mm)免耕对土壤微生物碳含量的正效应最显著;年均温度10~15℃和年均温度>15℃时,免耕土壤中微生物碳含量显著高于常规耕作,且随着温度的升高而增加;免耕年限能够显著影响土壤微生物碳含量,以长期免耕(免耕年限≥8 a)效果最佳。综上,免耕对土壤微生物碳的增加效应存在区域特征,以西南地区最高,随着区域水热条件、免耕年限的不同有所差异,免耕措施的采用应该根据区域特点因地制宜。本研究结果为免耕的区域性合理利用提供了参考依据。     

中国农业企业全要素生产率区域比较及驱动因素分析——基于1 126家国家重点龙头企业

使用2013—2015年农业产业化国家重点龙头企业数据,测度中国各地级市农业企业全要素生产率,并进行空间比较,在此基础上,并就影响中国农业企业全要素生产率的相关因素进行分析。结果显示:1)整体来看,2013—2015年中国农业企业全要素生产率变动幅度不大;2)从各省份来看,农业企业全要素生产率差异较为明显,仅有个别省份全要素生产率呈现递增趋势;从各地市来看,各地市农业企业全要素生产率空间差异大,但是各地市农业全要素生产率排名变化不大,全要素生产率处于中高水平以上的企业不多;3)从影响中国农业企业全要素生产率的因素来看,研发投入、要素密集度和企业规模对中国农业企业全要素生产率的影响为正,企业出口并未对农业企业全要素生产率起到推进作用。     

云南德宏地区橡胶树品种区域性试种初报

2010～2016年在云南省德宏植胶区对‘热垦525’、‘热垦628’、‘热研8-79’、‘热研7-33-97’、‘湛试327-13’、‘IAN873’、‘云研77-4’7个橡胶树品种进行区域性栽培试验，调查比较其定植成活率、茎围生长量、抗寒性等性状。结果表明：不同橡胶品种，其定植成活率、茎围生长速度、抗寒性不同，‘湛试327-13’阳坡的成活率最高，为95.2%；阳坡生长由快慢顺序为‘热研7-33-97’＞‘热垦525’＞‘IAN873’＞‘热垦628’＞‘云研77-4’＞‘湛试327-13’＞‘热研8-79’；阳坡抗辐射型寒害能力强弱顺序为‘湛试327-13’＞‘云研77-4’＞‘热垦525’＞‘热研7-33-97’＞‘热研8-79’＞‘IAN873’＞‘热垦628’；从成活率、茎围生长量、抗寒性阳坡的数据来看，‘热研7-33-97’品种生长速度较快，‘湛试327-13‘品种成活率和抗寒性较好。     

美国农产品分布对我国农产品区域发展的影响研究

美国农业一直处于领先地位,不仅得益于其丰富的自然资源和高科技的农业技术,其合理的农产品分布也不可少的影响因素。中国是一个农业大国,农业的发展离不开农产品,农产品的种植种类、农产品的区域分布、农产品的质量发展都直接影响农产品的发展。美国虽然面积和我国差不多,但因为有合理的布局,农产品贸易一直发展良好。要借鉴美国农产品的发展,研究和分析其农产品分布现状很有必要。     

Sentinel lymph node mapping with computed tomography lymphography for mast cell tumours and a comparison between regional and sentinel lymph node histological status: Sixty-two cases

It is known that the regional lymph node (RLN) may not correspond to the sentinel lymph node (SLN) (the first lymph node draining the tumour), and many diagnostic techniques have recently been aimed at its detection. Although lymphoscintigraphy is the gold standard in both human and veterinary medicine for SLN mapping, it is relatively unavailable in veterinary medicine due to costs and difficult management of the radiotracer. This prospective study evaluated, as a first aim, the feasibility and sensitivity of the computed tomography lymphography (CTL) in detecting the SLN in 62 mast cell tumours (MCTs). The second aim was to evaluate the accuracy of the CTL in identifying the most representative lymph node of the patient's lymphatic status; the histological status of the SNL was compared with that of the RLN, to see in how many cases the patient's stage would have changed according to the RLN. When the RLN turned out to be also the SLN it was decided to excise, as a control LN, the one localised in the neighbourhood of the MCT (neighbouring lymph node; NLN). The detection rate was 90%, with failure of SLN identification in six cases. In 18 (32%) of 56 MCTs with a diagnostic CTL, the SLN did not correspond to the RLN. Forty-five MCTs were surgically removed, together with their corresponding SLN and RLN/NLN. Since the clinical stage of the patient would have changed in only 7% of cases, CTL is a reliable method of detecting the SLN and, for staging purposes, there is no need to remove other LNs.     

A non-inferiority study comparing the ultrasound-guided parasacral with a novel greater ischiatic notch plane approach in canine cadavers

ObjectiveTo describe the gross and ultrasound anatomy of the parasacral region and an ultrasound-guided greater ischiatic notch (GIN) plane approach aimed at staining the lumbosacral trunk (LST) in canine cadavers. To evaluate if the ultrasound-guided GIN plane approach is non-inferior to the previously described ultrasound-guided parasacral approach at staining the LST.Study designProspective, randomized, non-inferiority experimental anatomic study.AnimalsA total of 17 (23.9 ± 5.2 kg) mesocephalic canine cadavers.MethodsAnatomic and echographic landmarks, and the feasibility of performing a GIN plane technique were evaluated using two canine cadavers. The remaining 15 cadavers had each hemipelvis randomly assigned to be administered either parasacral or GIN plane injection of 0.15 mL kg^–1 dye solution. The parasacral region was dissected after injections to assess the staining of LST, cranial gluteal nerve, pararectal fossa and pelvic cavity. The stained LST were removed and processed for histological evaluation of intraneural injections. A one-sided z-test for non-inferiority (non-inferiority margin –14%) was used to statistically evaluate the success of the GIN plane versus the parasacral approach. Data were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05.ResultsThe GIN plane and parasacral approach stained the LST in 100% and 93.3% of the injections, respectively. The success rate difference between treatments was 6.7% [95% confidence interval, –0.6 to 19.0%; p < 0.001 for non-inferiority]. The GIN plane and parasacral injections stained the LST for 32.7 ± 16.8 mm and 43.1 ± 24.3 mm, respectively (p = 0.18). No evidence of intraneural injection was found.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe ultrasound-guided GIN plane technique resulted in nerve staining that was non-inferior to the parasacral technique and may be considered an alternative to the parasacral approach to block the LST in dogs.     

Lumbosacral plexus block using a combination of ultrasound-guided lateral pre-iliac and parasacral approaches in cats

ObjectiveTo describe an ultrasound-guided lateral pre-iliac (LPI) and parasacral (PS) approach in feline cadavers (phase I) and compare the perioperative analgesic use and complications in cats administered LPI and PS blocks (group PNB) or epidural anesthesia (group EPI) for pelvic limb surgery (phase II).Study designExperimental uncontrolled, anatomic and retrospective cohort study.AnimalsA group of eight feline cadavers and 52 medical records.MethodsBilateral LPI and PS approaches with 0.1 mL kg^–1 of dye to stain the femoral and obturator nerves and the lumbosacral trunk, respectively, were performed on each cadaver. Nerve staining effect was evaluated upon dissections (phase I). Perioperative analgesics use, and complication rates were retrospectively compared between groups PNB and EPI (phase II). Continuous data were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test and the prevalence of events with Fisher’s exact test. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05.ResultsDissections revealed that the LPI approach stained 94% and 75% of the femoral and obturator nerves, respectively. The PS approach stained 100% of the lumbosacral trunks. Cats enrolled in group PNB (n = 23) were administered lower doses of intraoperative opioids than those in group EPI (n = 25) (p = 0.006). Intraoperative rescue analgesia was required in 60% and 17.4% of cats enrolled in groups EPI and PNB, respectively (p = 0.003). Group PNB required more intraoperative anticholinergics than group EPI (p = 0.02). There were no differences in postoperative pain scores, analgesic use and complication rates.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe ultrasound-guided LPI and PS approach stained the femoral/obturator nerves and the lumbosacral trunk, respectively, in feline cadavers. Furthermore, PNB was associated with lower intraoperative opioid use and similar postoperative pain and analgesic use compared with epidural anesthesia in a cohort of cats undergoing surgery of the pelvic limb.